The game of chess is the oldest and most fascinating of games. There is no element of
chance and players find new and interesting moves with each game.

Chess is played with 32 pieces, each player having
16 pieces of opposite colours, designed as below

Each player has one King, one Queen, two Bishops, two Knights,
 two Rooks and eight Pawns

The game is played on a chequered board, divided into 64 squares in two
colours. Place the chessboard between players, so that each player has a
white square at the nearest right hand corner of the board.

At the start of the game pieces are arranged as shown above.
The game is started by the player of the white pieces moving first.

The following symbols are used to represent different pieces and
to assist players in following diagrams and reading chess problems in
magazines and newspaper chess columns.

		King	Queen	Bishop	Knight	Rook	Pawn
Black
White

The king can be moved to any square adjoining, and  captures in the same manner any unprotected opposing piece.

The Queen moves and captures on the rank, the file and the diagonal in any direction and over any distance over unoccupied squares

The Bishop moves and captures diagonally in any direction over unoccupied squares

The Rook moves and captures on the rank and file only, over unoccupied squares.

The Knight moves and captures in any direction by a movement combining the moves of the Rook and the Bishop, that is, it moves one square like a Rook, then like a Bishop one square, which final square must not adjoin the square from which the knight is moved, such movements constituting one move. Thus the knight moves to the farthest corner of a rectangle composed of six squares, and always moves to a square of the opposite colour to the one on which it started. A Knight can attack any other piece except a Knight without being threatened by that piece.

The Pawn moves forwards only, and excepting for its  first move, only one square at a time. Each Pawn for its  first move has the privilege of moving two squares at  the option of the player. The Pawn is the only piece that  does not capture as it moves. It captures on either of the  two diagonal squares adjoining it in front. Each Pawn  that is moved to a square on the eighth rank must be  exchanged for a Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight of the  same colour without regard to the number of such  pieces already on the board at the option of the player

Each player has the privalege of castling once in a game.  Castling is the moving of the King two squares to the  right or left toward the Rook and placing the Rook on  the other side of the King, A player may castle subject  to the following restrictions   The King must not be in check He must not pass over or alight on a square occupied by a hostile piece Neither the King nor Rook must have been previously moved No piece must intervene between the King and  the Rook.

The King is in check when attacked by the opponents piece or Pawn. The
King may not be captured. The player making check must say "Check" when
attacking the opponents king. The opponent must then do one of three things:

1. The King must move out of check.
2. The hostile piece that checks must be captured.
3. A Piece or Pawn must be placed between
   the King and attacking piece.

This means the king is dead. When the King is in check and cannot
move out of check, interpose a piece or Pawn or capture the hostile
piece, it is then checkmate and the game is over.